VoltageLab

The substation is combined with many electrical devices like transformers, isolators, electric lines, etc. Electrical devices are sensitive and have to protect carefully. Usually, the protector of the substation is stone. Isn't it surprising? Have you thought it should be more advanced? In the world of technology why stone is used as a protector? You will be surprised to know the fact that stone is the perfect natural protector. Today I will explain this topic to you. The most important part is the ground potential rise (GPR)  The maximum electrical potential that a substation grounding grid may attain relative to a distant grounding point assumed to be at the potential of remote earth. This voltage GPR is equal to the maximum greed current times the grid resistance. Step voltage: It is defined as the maximum potential difference that exists between the feet when a fault current flows in the body. A particular case of step voltage is the transferred voltage where a voltage is trans

We often see transformers in our way almost every day, everywhere. We all might have noticed that there is something written in the transformer like Dny11. But we don't know what does it mean? We can guess that the numbers on the transformer windings show the turns ratio between windings. But by reading this article we might confirm this guess.  The first letter D shows that the primary winding configuration is in delta connection. The second small letter n shows that it has the neutral point and the small y shows that it is star connected. Letter 11 shows the phase difference between the primary and secondary connection according to clock configuration. When the clock hands are between 11 and 12 the angle between them is 30 degrees. So, Dny11 means  D- Primary winding in delta connection ny-Secondary winding in star connection with a neutral point 11- There is a phase angle difference of 30 degrees between the primary and secondary line voltages. The secondary line voltage lags by

 We all use batteries, right? But how many of us know how the battery actually works? We don't have to know about the complicated terms of chemistry formula but basic things like mah are worth learning about. mah is a basic topic of battery. It explains the capacity, the time, we can use a battery from mah. I will try to explain easily about mah. So let's get started. The capacity of batteries is indicated as mah. Mah capacity rating explains the storage capacity available for a particular battery. An ampere-hour is a unit of electric charge. Normal batteries, such as those in mobile phones and digital cameras, are often rated in milliampere-hours. The milliampere-hour is one-thousandth of an ampere-hour and is a technical term for how much electrical charge a particular battery will hold. As an example, using higher mah batteries in a device with constant electrical consumption will theoretically give longer operating times. A battery with a capacity rating of 1000 mah could d

 The transistor is a semiconductor device for amplifying, controlling, and generating electrical signals. Transistors are the active components of integrated circuits that containing billions of minuscule devices etched into the surface. It is used as an amplifier or switches electronic signals and electrical power. Transistors are one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics. the word transistor is made of the two words, transfer and resistance. This is because it has the function of transferring the resistance from one end of the device to the other end or we can say, transfer of resistance. Transistors have very high input resistance and very low output resistance.  It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. It works when the holes start moving across the two junctions between the n-type and p-type silicon. When turning a small input current into a large output current, the transistor acts as an amp

 The direction of current flow and electrons has been a very common question. It is the most common but most asked question as well. Many have confusions about the answer, we all know that current is the flow of electrons. So why it always have to be the opposite? Why their direction would be different? Today I will try to get you rid out of this confusion.  First of all, we need to know what is current? An electric current is a stream of charged particles, such as electrons and ions, moving through an electrical circuit or space. It is the flow of a positive electric charge. The strength of current flow in any medium depends on the difference of voltage in that medium. It is measured as the total rate of flow of electric charge through a surface or into a control volume.  And electron flow is what actually happens and electrons flow out of the negative terminal, through the circuit, and into the positive terminal of the source. It won't make any difference as long as the current i

 Load shedding is a terrible thing to experience. Especially in summer. But have we ever wondered what causes load shedding? Load shedding is the shutdown of the power distribution system when the capacity of power is less than the demand. Today we will discuss this topic briefly.  Load Shedding Load shedding is an intentional blackout in engineer electrical power shutdown for a time period in different parts of the distribution region. Load shedding depends on the shortage of capacity to meet the demand for electricity. load shedding occurs to avoid a complete blackout of the power system. Blackouts can be localized to a specific part of it can be in the whole country. Sometimes blackouts can happen due to extreme weather. Usually, the blackouts can be caused by insufficient capacity or inadequate infrastructure to deliver power.  The causes of load shedding 1. System loss After producing the power the next part is to distribute it among the consumers. But if the supplier somehow was